To meet ambitious CO2 emission reduction goals, focus on cities is paramount. Cities contribute 67% of global primary energy consumption and 70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. Implementing zero-emission or positive energy districts (PEDs) is crucial for urban energy transition. PEDs are energy-efficient areas aiming to provide clean energy surplus via renewables. However, PEDs require holistic consideration, encompassing technical, environmental, social, and economic aspects. 

Urban Sustainability protocols aid decision-making by assessing multi-stakeholder impacts. This research analyses how integrating sustainability protocols enhances PED projects and evaluation systems. The case studies on Tampere and Salzburg PEDs validate potential methodologies for broader application.